Carolyn R. McMakin

Dr. Carolyn McMakin, MA, DC, is a pioneering researcher and clinician who revolutionized chronic pain treatment through her development of Frequency Specific Microcurrent (FSM) therapy. Since 1996, she has trained over 10,000 practitioners worldwide in FSM protocols, transforming outcomes for patients with myofascial pain, fibromyalgia, and neuropathy. She has conducted live FSM seminars across the globe, including England, Ireland, France, Kuwait, Australia, Taiwan, and Germany. As the author of "The Resonance Effect" and "Frequency Specific Microcurrent in Pain Management," she combines scientific rigor with innovative clinical applications. Dr. McMakin serves as Clinical Director of the FSM Clinic and Training Center in Portland, Oregon. FSM is now used at established medical facilities including the Cleveland Clinic and Walter Reed Medical Center. Her groundbreaking research on tissue-specific effects of FSM has been published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at NIH and A4M medical conferences.