Nigel Inkster CMG is currently Senior Advisor for China and Cyber Security at the international Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) He also provides geopolitical and intelligence analysis for Enodo Economics, a London-based macroeconomic consultancy specialising in China. From 2007 to 2016 he worked full-time for IISS as Director of Transnational Threats and Political Risk then Director for Cybersecurity and Future Conflict. During that time he published numerous articles and books including Drugs, Insecurity and Failed States: the Problems of Prohibition, and China's Cyber Power, He has also been involved in para-diplomacy on cybersecurity with China and Russia and was for two years a Commissioner on the Global Commission for the Stability of Cyberspace. Prior to this, he served from 1975 to 2006 in the British Secret Intelligence Service, retiring as Assistant Chief and Director for Operations and intelligence. He has a BA from Oxford University in Oriental Studies and speaks Chinese in addition to various other languages.